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KMID : 1231220130040010020
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Journal of the Korean Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco
2013 Volume.4 No. 1 p.20 ~ p.27
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The Effect of Smoking on Bone Health
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Kim Kyae-Hyung
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Abstract
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Cigarette smoking is the second leading risk factor for global disease burden following high blood pressure. Also the prevalence of osteoporosis and the incidence of osteoporosis-related fractures sharply increase in most developing and developed countries. Smoking is a major risk factor for low bone mineral density (BMD) and future fracture. In addition, smoking is related to frailty and weakness which contributes to increase the risk of fall. Past-smokers and secondhand smokers largely showed intermediate magnitude of risk between current smokers and nonsmokers. These effects on bone seem reversible in several cohort studies. Possible mechanisms by which smoking affects bone health may be through altered calcium metabolism, ovarian and testicular function and adrenal function. And tobacco smoking has direct effects on bone, collagen synthesis, and angiogenesis, and neuromuscular function in elderly. Tobacco smoking doesn’t seem to influence the effect of osteoporosis treatment, except for calcium absorption. Encouragement of smoking cessation and decrease of exposure to secondhand smoke should be a major component of managing osteoporosis.
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KEYWORD
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Smoking, Secondhand smoke, Smoking cessation, Osteoporosis
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